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EV vs CNG – An In-Depth Comparison of Costs, Efficiency, and Environmental Impact

Weighing the Pros and Cons of Electric Vehicles and CNG: Which is the Smarter, Greener Choice for the Future?

Tushar Kumar

Tushar Kumar

10th November, 2024

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EV Car vs CNG Car

In light of the efforts to achieve a sustainable world, choosing the ideal vehicle has become paramount for both individuals and governments. In this quest for a greener mode of mobility, the two most viable options are the Electric Vehicles (EVs) and the Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) vehicles. Each has its own merits, challenges, and compromises in terms of cost, efficiency, and environmental factors. In this blog, we will examine them in detail so that you are able to choose a particular technology according to your requirements.

The transport sector is a major contributor to greenhouse gas emissions, thus the need to shift to cleaner vehicle technologies cannot be overstated. The two EVs and CNG vehicles have become viable options other than the petrol and diesel in most cars. CNG vehicles are viewed as cleaner compared to fossil fuels while EVs are applauded for having no emissions.

The goal of this in-depth analysis is to bring out the major characteristics of the two vehicles i.e. EVs and CNG vehicles, focusing on costs, efficiency, and environmental impacts. After reading this guide, you will have a better idea of which vehicle technology complements your driving pattern, pocket size, and eco-friendly objectives.

Overview of EV and CNG Technologies

What is an EV (Electric Vehicle)?

Credits: Canva

EVs or electric vehicles are cars that get most or all of their power from batteries, they include types such as battery electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. BEVs use power that is entirely stored in batteries, whereas PHEVs use a smaller battery combined with a traditional combustion engine, allowing users to use electricity or gasoline.

EVs draw their power from the competent grid through an external connector widely known as charging stations or charging units at home. Battery technology developments enabled EVs to achieve large ranges while some can achieve distance over 500 kilometers in a full charge. The zero tailpipe emissions produced by electric vehicles is quite possibly the strongest argument in favor of their greater use as they help greatly in the global outlook for reducing emissions from vehicles.

What is a CNG Vehicle?

Credits: Canva

In contrast, CNG vehicles use natural gas as their main fuel. CNG is used in I C engines which are built to use this fuel. In the case of CNG vehicles, there are two: CNG vehicles, which are factory-made to utilize natural gas directly, and retrofitted automobiles, which have been adapted to use CNG fuel instead of standard petrol or diesel.

Given that they use natural gas, CNG cars are viewed as greener than conventional fuel cars due to their emission reductions, particularly in the levels of nitrogen oxides and particulate emissions. Even though they still emit greenhouse gases themselves, these cars are considered as an intermediate technology. They assist cut down the carbon emissions associated with transportation until zero-emission vehicles can be more readily used.

Source: Green Bharat News, Youtube

Cost Comparison – Initial Costs, Fuel, and Maintenance

Credits: Canva

Initial Purchase Cost

In India, the initial purchase cost of electric vehicles (EVs) is generally higher compared to CNG vehicles. The steep price of EVs is mainly due to the costly battery technology required to store electrical energy. In India, EV prices typically range from ₹10 lakh to ₹25 lakh, depending on the model, battery capacity, and features. Luxury EVs can cost significantly more.

On the other hand, CNG vehicles are more affordable for the average Indian consumer. The price of a CNG car is usually similar to its petrol variant, with an additional charge for the CNG kit. A factory-fitted CNG car in India can be priced between ₹7 lakh to ₹15 lakh, making it a more budget-friendly option.

Government incentives in India play a vital role in reducing these costs. Under schemes like FAME II, buyers can avail subsidies of up to ₹1.5 lakh on electric vehicles. In fact, some states offer reduced road tax and registration fees for EVs, further lowering the total cost. CNG vehicles may receive limited incentives, mainly in the form of reduced road tax in certain states, but the benefits are typically less substantial than those for EVs.

Fuel Cost and Infrastructure

Fuel costs are a major factor when comparing electric vehicles (EVs) and CNG vehicles in India. Charging an EV at home is usually more affordable than traditional fuels. On average, charging an EV costs around ₹200 to ₹300 for a full charge, depending on electricity rates. Public fast-charging stations may be slightly more expensive, but even then, the cost is generally lower than refueling with CNG.

CNG is much cheaper than petrol or diesel in India, but it is still not as economical as electricity. CNG prices typically range between ₹70 to ₹90 per kilogram, which is about 30-50% cheaper than petrol. Filling a CNG tank may cost around ₹800 to ₹1,200, making it a budget-friendly alternative to conventional fuels but usually more expensive than charging an EV.

Infrastructure is another key factor to consider. India’s EV charging network is growing, particularly in urban areas, but charging stations can still be scarce in smaller towns and rural regions. Similarly, CNG refueling stations are primarily concentrated in metro cities and along certain highways. Limited availability of charging or refueling points can affect the convenience of owning either type of vehicle, depending on your location.

Maintenance Costs

Electric vehicles have a clear advantage when it comes to maintenance costs. EVs have fewer moving parts than CNG or traditional internal combustion vehicles, which means there are fewer components that can wear out or require servicing. Electric motors are relatively simple compared to engines, and there’s no need for oil changes, exhaust system repairs, or fuel filter replacements. However, the most significant maintenance cost for EVs is battery health. While modern EV batteries are designed to last 8-10 years or more, replacing a battery can cost upwards of $5,000.

CNG vehicles, while cheaper to maintain than petrol or diesel cars, still require more upkeep than EVs. Engine wear is still a concern, as are issues related to the fuel system, such as CNG tank inspections, fuel injector maintenance, and periodic valve adjustments. Over time, these costs can add up, although CNG vehicles are generally considered cheaper to maintain than petrol or diesel models. However, they don’t match the long-term maintenance savings that come with owning an EV.

Efficiency Comparison: Performance, Range, and Energy Consumption

Hyundai Kona EV

Credits: Overdrive

Energy Efficiency

When comparing energy efficiency, electric vehicles outperform CNG vehicles. EVs convert up to 85-90% of the electrical energy from the battery into motion, making them highly efficient. In contrast, CNG vehicles have a lower thermal efficiency, converting only 20-25% of the energy from compressed natural gas into usable power. This means that EVs can travel more kilometers per unit of energy than CNG vehicles.

In practical terms, an EV can travel around 4-6 kilometers per kilowatt-hour (kWh) of energy, whereas a CNG vehicle typically achieves around 20-25 kilometers per kilogram of CNG. While these numbers may seem similar at first glance, the cost and energy intensity of producing and delivering CNG is higher than electricity, particularly when renewable sources are factored in.

Range and Refueling Time

Range is one of the most debated aspects of EV ownership. While modern electric vehicles offer ranges of 300-500 kilometers on a full charge, concerns about running out of power mid-journey (commonly called range anxiety) still persist. Charging times are another factor; a full charge at home using a Level 2 charger can take 6-8 hours, while fast chargers can deliver an 80% charge in about 30-45 minutes.

CNG vehicles, on the other hand, typically offer a range of 200-300 kilometers on a full tank of gas. Refueling takes only a few minutes, making them more convenient for long-distance driving or situations where quick refueling is necessary. However, the limited number of CNG refueling stations can be a significant drawback in areas where the infrastructure is lacking.

Driving Experience and Performance

Electric vehicles offer an unparalleled driving experience in terms of smoothness and performance. Since electric motors deliver instant torque, EVs are known for their rapid acceleration and seamless power delivery. The absence of gears and the quiet operation of electric motors also contribute to a smooth and enjoyable driving experience.

CNG vehicles, while generally quieter and smoother than petrol or diesel vehicles, don’t match the performance of EVs. Acceleration is more gradual, and while they offer a cleaner combustion process, CNG engines don’t deliver the same power as electric motors. However, for everyday driving in urban environments, CNG vehicles perform adequately and offer a comfortable ride.

Environmental Impact – Carbon Emissions, Pollution, and Sustainability

Credits: Canva

Carbon Emissions

One of the most significant selling points for electric vehicles is their potential to reduce carbon emissions. Since EVs don’t produce tailpipe emissions, they are often considered zero-emission vehicles. However, it’s important to consider the full life-cycle emissions, including the energy used to produce and charge the vehicle. In regions where electricity is generated from renewable sources like wind, solar, or hydropower, EVs offer substantial environmental benefits. In areas that rely on coal or natural gas for electricity, the overall emissions can be higher, though still lower than those of petrol or CNG vehicles.

CNG vehicles, while not zero-emission, are much cleaner than their petrol or diesel counterparts. They emit significantly fewer pollutants, including carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and particulate matter. However, methane, the primary component of natural gas, is a potent greenhouse gas, and small amounts of it can escape during the extraction, transportation, and combustion process. This leakage can reduce the environmental benefits of CNG, particularly when considering the full life-cycle impact.

Air Quality and Health Impact

In terms of air quality, electric vehicles are the clear winners. Without tailpipe emissions, EVs help reduce the amount of harmful pollutants like nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, and particulate matter in the air. This is particularly important in urban areas where air pollution contributes to respiratory diseases, heart conditions, and other public health issues.

CNG vehicles are cleaner than petrol or diesel vehicles but still produce some emissions, particularly NOx and methane. While these emissions are lower than traditional fuels, they still contribute to air pollution. That said, CNG vehicles produce virtually no particulate matter, which is a significant improvement over diesel vehicles, known for their harmful soot emissions.

Resource Sustainability

Resource sustainability is another critical factor in the EV vs. CNG debate. The electricity used to power EVs can come from renewable sources, offering the potential for completely sustainable transportation. With solar, wind, and hydropower making up a growing portion of the energy mix in many regions, the sustainability benefits of EVs are increasing.

CNG, however, is a fossil fuel. While it’s cleaner than petrol or diesel, it’s still derived from finite natural gas reserves. Moreover, the extraction and transportation of natural gas can lead to environmental degradation, habitat disruption, and methane leakage. For these reasons, CNG is seen as a transitional fuel rather than a long-term solution for sustainable transportation.

Future Prospects and Technological Advancements

Credits: Freepik

EV Technological Advancements

The future of electric vehicles is promising, with ongoing advancements in battery technology, charging infrastructure, and vehicle design. Solid-state batteries, for instance, are expected to revolutionize the EV market by offering higher energy density, faster charging times, and longer lifespans. Autonomous driving technology is also being integrated into EVs, offering the potential for safer, more efficient transportation systems.

Governments worldwide are pushing for the electrification of transportation, with ambitious targets to phase out petrol and diesel vehicles over the coming decades. As charging networks expand and renewable energy becomes more prevalent, EVs are expected to become the dominant form of personal transportation.

CNG Technological Advancements

While CNG vehicles may not have the same long-term prospects as EVs, there are still ongoing efforts to improve CNG technology. Advances in engine efficiency, fuel storage, and hybridization with electric power could make CNG vehicles even cleaner and more efficient in the short term. However, CNG is generally viewed as a bridge technology, helping to reduce emissions until zero-emission technologies like EVs or hydrogen fuel cells become more widespread.

Governments in regions with abundant natural gas reserves may continue to promote CNG as part of their energy strategy, but the global trend is clearly moving toward electrification.

Conclusion – Which is the Better Choice?

When it comes to choosing between an EV and a CNG vehicle, the decision ultimately depends on your priorities, driving habits, and budget. If you’re looking for a long-term investment in sustainability, with minimal emissions and low maintenance costs, an electric vehicle is the clear winner. EVs offer superior energy efficiency, zero tailpipe emissions, and the potential to run on renewable energy, making them the best choice for eco-conscious drivers.

However, if you’re working with a tighter budget, drive long distances frequently, or live in an area with limited charging infrastructure, a CNG vehicle may be a more practical option. CNG vehicles are cleaner than petrol or diesel cars and offer a cost-effective alternative with lower fuel prices and maintenance costs than traditional vehicles.

As technology advances and governments push for cleaner transportation, the gap between EVs and CNG vehicles is likely to widen, with electric vehicles emerging as the frontrunner in the race for sustainable mobility. But for now, each option offers its own set of benefits and trade-offs, making it essential to weigh the factors that matter most to you.

Tushar Kumar

Tushar Kumar

Author

Tushar Kumar is a skilled automotive writer with extensive expertise in crafting compelling content for the automotive industry. With a keen eye for detail and a passion for vehicles, Tushar delivers well-researched and engaging pieces on topics ranging from the latest car technologies to industry trends and reviews.

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